Indonesia is the country with the most active volcanoes on earth. There are more than 200 volcanoes with 127 of them are active. The three top active volcanoes located in Sumatra, Flores and Sulawesi. That’s why the average of earthquakes in Indonesia ranges up to five ritcher scale or more. Volcanoes in Indonesia are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. All of them are grouped into six geographical regions. Four of them belong to the volcanoes of the Sunda Arc. The remaining two groups are volcanoes of Halmahera, including its surrounding volcanic islands, and volcanoes of Sulawesi.
Facts of Volcanoes
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Volcanoes in Indonesia
Volcanoes in Indonesia are known as fire mountains. They range in height from 3800-meter-high. Therefore, there is organization named the Volcano-logical Survey of Indonesia is the main organization for keeping an eye on volcanoes.
In August 2010, the volcano experienced a small eruption after several days of rumbling while the biggest eruption happened in September 2010 which forced more villagers to leave their houses. The smoke was 5,000 meters in the air while heavy rain mixed with the ash to form muddy coatings. About 17,000 people evacuated in this eruption. In February 2014, a further eruption occurred and sent clouds of hot ash two kilometers into the air and influenced nearby villages. At least 16 people died as a result of the eruption and one of them is local Journalist. Lastly, In May 2016, Sinabung erupted again for several times and killed at least seven people and critically injured two or more people. All the victims were farmers worked in the village of Gamber, located approximately four km (2.48 miles) from the volcano.
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Kerinci mount is one of mount which chosen for most of hikers and backpackers. The track and trail condition of this mountain is easy to follow. The climb up this mountain would take three days to reach the summit. The scenery is magnificent, dominated by beautiful natural creatures. There is also the best place to see the bird flying. It heights boost up their adrenaline to reach the top of the mount. To climb the volcano, better use a guide cause there have been lot of people disappear after attempting to trek alone.
The eruption of Krakatau in August 1883 was one of the most deadly volcanic eruptions of modern history. In the afternoon of 26th August 1883, Krakatau suddenly erupted force the boom which be heard in Burma to far away Australia. The erupted killed about 36.000 people and its sound boomed till 4600 kilometers. The volcanic rocks even shouted 80 kilometers far away to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia, and New Zealand. Then, Anak Krakatau (Krakatau Kid) mountain appeared with much erupt all the time in low level. Once or twice a year it has slightly larger eruptions that people notice.
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In 1967, It began to built a new lava dome which collapse into the Batang river Valley. Continued in 1994 which caused a major collapse of the growing lava dome and killed 67 people while 6000 people were vacuated. In May 2006, Another large eruption occurred then a magnitude 6.3 tectonic earthquake near Yogyakarta. It caused 5750 people dead, around 40,000 injuries and destroyed large sections of Yogyakarta and sourrounding towns. Its made more than 600,000 people homeless. The earthquake was caused by the collision of the Australian and Sunda tectonic plates. However, for the climber, this mountain is super mystical as it has many mysterious story. Its peak provides the best view of Merapi. It takes almost two hours to go from Yogyakarta to Merapi.
Bromo mount is still one of the most active volcanoes in the world. There are areas which prohibited to enter for tourist due to its imminent danger. Bromo mount becomes so popular because its spectacular views and dramatic landscapes. Bromo mount is not among the tallest of Indonesia’s mountains, but the stunning beauty lies in incredible natural setting. The fascinating spot of sunrise all over the world and incredible scene between foreground of Bromo and smoke from Semeru mount in distance are what attracted most of Bromo’s climber.
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Merbabu is one of favorite mountain for local and foreign hikers. It has spectacular views to other volcanoes in all directions from the summit area. It has five calderas, Condrodimuko, Kombang, Kendang, Rebab and Sambernyowo. Merbabu can be climbed from several routes from the town of Kopeng on the north east sideside, and also from Selo on the southern side. Merbabu is so beautiful when you see it from the top of the mountain. Its provide a fresh air and feast your eyes with the wonderful sunrise. Merbabu is best for climbed in the dry season from May to October
Semeru volcano eruption has happened many times. The first one was recorded in year 1818, which continued to total eight eruptions in the same year. However, the big erupt exploded were started in year 1967. In that year, the mount erupted in six spots. In 2002, the mount erupted several times but did not kill anyone because the cloud did not pass the villages. Meanwhile, In the beginning of 2016, its volcano marked with really bad storm in Semeru. Its trap as many as 600 hikers and causing the hiking trail to be closed on January. However, Semeru is perfectly beautiful for those who loves natural’s creature. It shows awesome scene of Indonesia.
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Due a short explosive eruptions term and near from capital city, it sees over 50,000 visitors per year and there is actually a limit to how many climbers are allowed up each day. Most hikers destination in Gede-Pangrango National Park is actually mount Gede. Gede mount has not dangerous tracks to reach. It’s pretty safe trails. On track, you will meet the beautiful Cibeureum waterfall. Another impressive attraction is hot streams and spectacular scene to the park. Its best choice if you want to go to camping in the park, and spend all night in tent with beautiful night view of mount Gede.
Slamet mount is an active stratovolcano in the Purbalingga regency of Central Java, Indonesia. Slamet mount is located in Central of Java, between five districts which are Brebes, Banyumas, Purbalingga, Tegal, and Pemalang. Its recognized as the second highest mountain in Java and the most active volcano in Indonesia. It reaches 3,428 meters or 10,774 ft and contains a wide peaks area with 4 craters. The volcano is composed of two overlapping edifices. Since 1772, It has been 42 erupted until 2014. Fortunately, there were not so much fatalities due to eruption.
The eruption began in mid of august in 1772 while in 1847, Its increase volcanic activity. Its continued to increase volcano with the eruption between ash and lava.In 1989, it started to increase seismic activity then in 2009,Slamet mount experienced a small eruption. Lastly, in 2004, A volcanic eruption on Indonesia’s Slamet mount is threatening about 24,000 people in seven villages within a six-kilometer radius of the crater on the mountain in central Java. Residents told to carry out their activities as far as is considered safe.
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Kelud mount is including type of strata volcano with a crater lake high. Crater lake surrounded by towering cliffs. The eruptive activity has typically generated deadly mud flows. Its claimed more than 15,000 people dead since 1500. In 1586, eruption produced one of the worst mud flows in the historical record of volcanic eruptions and killed about 10000 people.
During 1919, an eruption at Kelud killed on estimated 5,000 people caused hot mud flows. Then in the next few years killed another 250 people until 1966. A strong and explosive eruption on early February 1990 produced high column of fragmental material called tephra. For about seven kilometers and more than 30 people killed. It last erupted in 2014 for about 500 kilometers by sent volcanic ash. Its occurred over a large portion on Java island .
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This volcano consists of numerous active craters is one of leading tourist attractions. Its offered the edge of the crater to view and hot water springs and boiling mud up close. Its erupted since 1826 and last erupted was in 2013. Its eruptions have contributed immensely to the hills north of Bandung through lava flows into the valleys.
Tangkuban Perahu erupted in 1910 with a strength of two richter scale. Mild eruption occurred in 1969, spewed ash and barrages 500 m high. Then, In September 1992, unusually high seismic amount lead activity of volcanologists to fear a new eruption. Its lead a mount was closed to the public for a few days. Last erupted was in 2013. Due to the high intensity of the eruption, its create many craters. There are nine craters namely Kawah Ratu, Kawah Upas, Domas, New, Jurig, Demon, and Pangguyungan.
Its only known eruption was in 1730 but there is still minor volcanic activity in the crater. Only two known historical eruptions. One in 1909 and another in 1921. Hot springs occurred in the south-west foot of the volcano. Sumbing mount is popular for has so much mythology. Therefore, for most volcano hikers-trekkers-climbers, Sumbing is attractive to climb due to its peak. Moreover, its best choice for hiking destination by hikers – trekkers
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Batur volcano is a popular tourist location on Bali, and offers amazing views of one of the world’s most impressive calderas. Meanwhile, in 1994, Eruptions began with ash of Kintamani fell and continued until 1998 which ash risen up to 300 m above the crater. The big eruption was in 1999 with six explosion occurred. In 2009, volcanic earthquakes increased significantly. There were 53 deeps and 83 shallows volcanic earthquakes. Therefore, Hiking trail was closed at Batur volcano at that time.
The Balinese believe that Agung mount is a replica of Meru mount, the central axis of the universe. From the peak of the mountain, We will see the peak of Rinjani mount on the island of Lombok, with some clouds covered both of them. The clouds come from the west and Its take their water so that the west is lush and green while the east dry and barren. Agung mount is one of Indonesia’s largest and most devastating eruption of the twentieth century. Agung mount last erupted in 1963-1964 and still active.
Agung mount is one of many volcanoes in Indonesia which has few written records, due to the long period of dormancy. In 1917 and 1926, two eruptions occurred while in 1963 was impulsive exploded. It flows reach distances of up to 15 km from the crater following valleys to the south and east, at speeds of about 60 km/hour. Many villages were destroyed and more than 1000 people dead. More recently erupt was in 1994. More over, Agung mount used to be an active volcano that erupted twice in 35 years.
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Rinjani mount known has explosive eruptions can happen often and unexpectedly. Since 1846, It has been the site of moderate explosive activity and its lava flows every few decades. Meanwhile in 1994, its erupted and sent ash 500 m high. its exploded can be heard for a week. A cold lava from the summit area of Rinjani Volcano traveled down and some people killed. More than 172 detonating explosions were recorded and 30 people of local villagers reported dead caused a mud flows.
In 2004, volcano renewed volcanic activity. Its eruption ejected ash columns 800 meters above the peak. That’s why hikers were banned from climbing Rinjani mount at the time. In 2009, there was an alert for hikers caused an increase of seismic activity. There were three explosion earthquakes and the alert level at the volcano was raised from Normal (Level I) to Waspada (Level II). In 2010, a lovers was dead after trekking in Rinjani. Both were fell on steep section of the caldera wall and died. However, many tourists choose this mount for get an amazing landscape.
Kelimutu mount has a beautiful crater lake which recognized as the most beautiful lake in Island. Kelimutu mount with its three colors lakes, in a local language called Kelimutu Tiwu Telu, is one of the main volcanoes in Flores island. The colors, however, have changed continually since the eruption of Mount Iya in Ende in 1969. According to experts, the changes caused by the geological and chemical processes in the bottom of the lakes. It could be also the bacteria populations, from refraction of the sunlight, and the chemicals dissolved in the water. However, the changes of its colors make Kelimutu different from others and become one of the attractive places to be seen.
Jayawijaya mount is one of mount which has a peak covered with eternal snow in entire Indonesia. The temperature can reach zero degrees up while at night, Jayawijaya will reaches 10-15 degrees. Snow is owned by several peaks which diminishing from year to year and has a long lasting effect. The snow at the top of Jayawijaya is one of the unique natural phenomenon. The natural ice usually does not go down along the equator. If the sun is bright, the snow will reflect sunlight glare but still awesome while its viewed from the air, the peak of Jayawijaya like tapestry covered with white hood.
Here the others Volcanoes in Indonesia
As one of country which located in Pacific of Fire, Indonesia known as country which has so many historical recorded of volcanoes erupted than other countries. Therefore, Indonesia is popular as heaven of an active volcanoes. However, volcanoes in Indonesia shows the best landscape of beautiful panorama which surely catching your eyes.
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