For most developing countries, the trade sector especially foreign trade plays an important role in supporting the country’s economy. The trade sector based on industrialization plays a key role because the products produced are expected to be able to compete with other industrial products of other countries in the global market. The progress of industrial and trade sector development is expected to contribute significantly to the development progress of economic growth.
A. History
Every country has different characteristics, both natural resources, climate, geography, demography, economic structure and social structure. These differences lead to differences in commodities produced, the composition of the required costs, the quality and quantity of the product. Directly or indirectly requires the execution of the exchange of goods and or services between one country and another. Therefore, between countries in the world need to establish a trade relationship to meet the needs of each country.
International trade transactions, better known as imports, are essentially a simple transaction that is nothing more than buying and selling goods between entrepreneurs who live or domicile in different countries.
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B. Export Commodities
Export commodities are goods from Indonesia that are sold abroad, Examples of exports made by the state of Indonesia include:
Indonesia registered imports of food that should be produced from agricultural land in the country, such as rice, potatoes, corn and others commonly found in Indonesia. Unfortunately, domestic demand is not proportional to production, so the government is forced to open imported faucets to avoid scarcity of food that can thus increase the selling price in the market.
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C. Import Commodities
Inadequate government policy toward agricultural development steps, especially in the application of new technology in agriculture sector such as genetic engineering of food seeds, make Indonesia increasingly difficult to meet the food needs of the country. Hence we need to do import commodities
Import Commodities are goods purchased from abroad, which include:
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Export and Import Procedure in Indonesia
Export activity is a trading system that allows a person to trade cross-country. Currently, the government is trying to increase foreign exchange by boosting the flow of goods exports. Export procedures are actually easier than import procedures as there are now more rules on imports than on exports, especially for tax payment issues.
In import activities, almost all goods subject to import duties and other taxes, while at the time of export more goods that are not subject to export tax or exit duty. The export taxes imposed include exports of timber, rattan, and CPO (crude palm oil). For other export activities not currently subject to export taxes among other exports are fish, corn, banana, clothing, electronic equipment etc.
Each PEB document is required to pay non-tax state income paid at the bank or at the local customs office. For the export tax amount, each item is also different determined by the decision of finance minister. The PEB contains data of exported goods including:
After the PEB is submitted to the local Customs office, export approval will be granted and goods may be delivered to the port which may then be loaded onto the vessel or means of transport to the destination country.
Each item to be exported has its own rules depending on the goods. Such as for wooden goods, exported timber requires documents of Surveyor Reports, endorsements of the Wood Industry Revitalization Agency, for other goods in the form of minerals also exist which require using surveyor reports.
For some goods belonging to the category of waste, there are required to used quotas. For goods in the form of rice is required if domestic needs have been met and there is a license from BULOG. However, there are many exports that are without conditions or permits from relevant agencies, such as bicycle, plastic, syrup, shoe, cable, iron, steel, plastic toys, and others.
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And about import procedures in Indonesia is basically, if we want to import goods from abroad, there are some things we must know:
When we already know these things, then what we have to do next is:
Statistics show about 230-237 million people in Indonesia need rice as staple food. So it can be seen why Indonesia imports rice from other countries just to meet the needs of the people of Indonesia. And one of the countries that often export rice to Indonesia is Thailand
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There are list of what kind of food production which mostly produced and export to other countries, as well as what kind of product that Indonesia mostly imported. As follows:
A. List of Most Exported Countries
Indonesian export products include agricultural products, forest products, fishery products, mining products, industrial products, and services. Here are some of them:
No
|
Countries
|
Export Goods
|
1
|
England
|
Tobacco, rubber, palm oil,
Tea, coffee |
2
|
Netherlands
|
Copra, coffee, spices, and
Plantation products |
3
|
Belgium / Luxemburg
|
Rubber, coffee, tobacco, shrimp, pepper White, sawn timber, weaving yarn, garment, plywood |
4
|
Japan
|
Petroleum, metal ore,
Aluminum, wood, foodstuff |
5
|
Amerika
|
Petroleum and LPG
|
6
|
Perancis
|
Raw materials, perfume industry,
Rubber, palm oil |
7
|
Jerman
|
Rubber, copper, lead, petroleum
|
8
|
Thailand
|
Fresh and frozen fish, urea fertilizer,
Steel, apparel, cement, coal, paper, plywood, tobacco, iron |
9
|
Singapura
|
Crude oil, natural rubber, tin,
Plywood, cosmetics, paper, telecom tools, stationery |
10
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
Cement and building goods, clothing
So, minerals processed, flour, cigarettes |
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B. List of Most Imported Countries
Below are the countries along with the list of goods that Indonesian are imported. Mainly because the production of below goods isn’t that massive in Indonesia so the government required import to fulfill the needs.
No | Countries | Import Goods |
1 | Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Myanmar | Rice |
2 | India, Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, Paraguay | Corn |
3 | USA, Argentina, Malaysia, Paraguay, Uruguay | Soy |
4 | Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand | Sugar |
5 | Thailand, Brazil, Australia, El Salvador, South Africa | Cane sugar |
6 | Australia, New Zealand, USA, and Singapore | Beef |
7 | Australia | Cow |
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In order to compete on the world trade level, the domestic business world must grow strong. To grow fast is certainly requiring government policies that benefit domestic entrepreneurs. Although free trade means no state borders, favorable policies can still be created on condition that they are not against the laws of world free trade.
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